Popular and scholarly accounts lament the demise of African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) and the loss of biodiversity across the Congo Basin, but there has been less appreciation of the consequences of restricted forest access for human communities in conservation contexts. We demonstrate the usefulness of biological anthropology in combination with multispecies ethnography for anchoring the futures of BaAka foragers and African forest elephants. Tuma elephant hunters have long negotiated their communities’ relationships with elephants and others who have relied on the BaAka to navigate the forest. Tracing multispecies interactions along a transnational network of elephant trails (bembo) helps us understand the ways that elephants have shaped forest structure and the fabric of existence for tuma and others. Bembo facilitate movement across watersheds and may prove a critical tool in the development of culturally relevant conservation practices. [foragers, elephants, multispecies, BaAka, Congo Basin]

RESUMEN

Narrativas populares y académicas lamentan la desaparición de los elefantes de la selva africana (Loxodonta cyclotis) y la pérdida de biodiversidad a través de la cuenca del Congo, pero ha habido menos apreciación de las consecuencias del acceso a áreas de la selva restringidas a las comunidades humanas en contextos de conservación. Demostramos la utilidad de la antropología biológica en combinación con la etnografía de multiespecies para anclar los futuros de los forrajeadores de BaAka y los elefantes de la selva africana. Los cazadores de elefantes Tuma han negociado por largo tiempo las relaciones de sus comunidades con elefantes y otros que han dependido de los BaAka para navegar la selva. Al trazar las interacciones multiespecies a lo largo de la red transnacional de los senderos (bembo) de elefantes nos ayuda a entender las formas en que los elefantes han dado forma a la estructura se la selva y el tejido de existencia para los tuma y otros. Los bembo facilitan el movimiento a través de las cuencas hidrográficas y pueden resultar ser una herramienta crítica en el desarrollo de prácticas de conservación culturalmente relevantes [forrajeadores, elefantes, multiespecies, BaAka, cuenca del Congo]

RÉSUMÉ

Les récits populaires et académiques déplorent le déclin des éléphants de forêts africaines (Loxodonta cyclotis) et du déclin de la biodiversité dans le basin du Congo. Peu d'appréciation a été porté aux conséquences pour les communautés vivant dans les contextes de conservation. Nous démontrons l'utilité de l'anthropologie biologique dans les recherches ethnographiques multi-espèces en liant les futures des chasseurs cueilleur BaAka et les éléphants de forêt d'Afrique. Dans cette étude, nous illustrons le rôle des chasseurs d’éléphant tuma comme leader dans la facilitation des relations entre leurs communautés et les éléphants ainsi que d'autres qui dépendent des BaAka pour circuler en forêt. En traçant les interactions multi-espèces le long du réseau transnational de la route des éléphants (bembo en BaAka), cela nous aide à comprendre comment les éléphants ont influencé la structure forestière et le mode d'existence d'autres espèces. Bembo facilite les mouvements à travers les bassins versants et pourrait être un outil critique dans le développement de pratiques de conservation avec un accent sur la composante culturelle. [chasseurs cueilleur, éléphants, multi-espèces, Baka, le basin du Congo]

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